matter and force
Thomson develop a model of the atom as a sphere of positive charge in which the atoms are scattered like raisins in a cake. Plum pudding model. In 1911 Rutherford poses a planetary model, the atom and 'an empty space in the center of which is' the positively charged nucleus, the ten-thousandth part as large as the diameter, around which electrons revolve negative stationary orbits. The positive charge of the nucleus equals the negative electrons, so the system is in equilibrium, but it is unclear how, by turning, the electrons do not radiate energy lost to collapse on the core.
The Bohr atom
model Schroedinger described the electron as a wave.
ELECTRICITY '
In physics we have 4 large characters that are known all
CURIE. The first couple are
born with Gell-Mann in 1964, but are entities' mathematics. It seems that between the particles and between the subatomic phenomena will retain certain mathematical values, each particle has some stable relationships, for example. between particle charge and charge of the proton. Things are complicated by the possibility of a reality 'quantized, with each variation occurs in jumps. Subatomic systems this is so important, any change takes place in jumps or packages, for example. the momentum carried by a sound wave moves in fits and starts, the light goes packet. Then you try to determine what is 'great leap or any package, the quantum number of quarks, that' the minimum variation of elementary particles. They found 6 quark potential. In 96 of Chicago researchers have identified Preone (pre = what 'that is the first) more' elementary quarks, but many physicists believe they have discovered other elementary matter that undermines the standard model of quantum chromodynamics. Physics and 'less and less able to explain the universe with a simple theory, although the physical build accelerators always more 'powerful for tests of their theories.
The particle accelerator (see figure necessary), and 'a huge structure (linear or ring) that uses electric or magnetic fields to accelerate to a speed date' of electrically charged particles such as protons atomic or subatomic , electrons, deuterons, alpha particles, etc. .. The particles are fired into the accelerator beam, which affects other particles, and study what happens in these collisions. They develop energy levels, perhaps similar to those found at the origin of the universe, so particle physics and 'also called' high-energy physics'. The first particle accelerator was to Rutherford in 1918, I use 'alpha particles emitted from natural radioactive substances.
, positron emission tomography, or the World Wide Web, the WWW, which regulates the immense global system of computer networks, ie '
Internet. Nell ' linear accelerator at Stanford University (USA) a source of electrons shoot electron beams in a 3 km long tunnel. In the middle 'of the tube some are diverted to a target, creating positrons strike. Electro-magnets focus the beams and others make them bend to a room where the particles collide. The lives of hard particles a billionth of a billionth of a second, but the detectors can to identify. The most 'great accelerator of the world' in Texas and 'round and 87 km long. Its construction and 'was suspended in 1993. Now there is 'an abandonment of these large structures because' increased size and cost up to a limit beyond which governments have refused to contribute. This research has also produced useful things: radioactive isotopes for industry or medicine, isochronous cyclotrons for hospitals to produce high energy x-rays to treat tumors with radiation, industrial radiography of castings, sterilization of food etc..
"
I was like a child playing on the beach
I was like a child playing on the beach
and continually found new and beautiful pebble me while away from the great ocean of truth 'lay undiscovered
" Isaac Newton
Cos 'and' reality '- the cultural imprinting - The first questions on the rational nature - The Birth of Physics - Forces and force field - corpuscular and wave theories - Mendeleev - Various atomic models - Quantum physics - nuclear force - 4 forces - The electrical current - Electromagnetism - Information and a frequency - fission of the nucleus: the atomic bomb - Quarks - The particle accelerator - The synchrotron - The concept of emptiness
" Isaac Newton
Cos 'and' reality '- the cultural imprinting - The first questions on the rational nature - The Birth of Physics - Forces and force field - corpuscular and wave theories - Mendeleev - Various atomic models - Quantum physics - nuclear force - 4 forces - The electrical current - Electromagnetism - Information and a frequency - fission of the nucleus: the atomic bomb - Quarks - The particle accelerator - The synchrotron - The concept of emptiness
Imprinting, or our cultural imprint, limits our interpretation of World
Man and 'the result of a learning process. He was born in a context that guides him into a global Sedimentation summarizing the history of all those who preceded him, and directs that the successors as a channel structuring. Their psyche form a continuity 'and create a confluence, where the child begins to see and think. The environmental trends influencing its formation. We are immersed in a stream of in-put (input data) and suffer an imprinting (attitude of any animal to imitate the first model that is on top). our food culture, food and even the 'culture
. Do not eat anything 'and that' edible but what 'they taught us to eat. In the world of knowledge there are no absolute natural
but its cultural. Every culture and 'a framework of order, a conditioning system that can' crystallize ie 'death itself'. And our 'Western culture, Euro-American.
. Do not eat anything 'and that' edible but what 'they taught us to eat. In the world of knowledge there are no absolute natural
but its cultural. Every culture and 'a framework of order, a conditioning system that can' crystallize ie 'death itself'. And our 'Western culture, Euro-American.
When we live in a culture we receive an impression that also affects our perception of reality '. The sorcerer Don Juan Castaneda says it very well: "Every human being
'inside a current vibration, like a wind ... The flow and' lost in its entirety 'and becomes a system of partial interpretations. The system's individual interpretation of the world blocks the totality 'and transforms it into something limited and subjective, and' ... a choice that leaves out most of the set of vibration in which we exist and that therefore the person receives no more ' ".
The common knowledge, at best, has a gap of over two hundred years to scientific medium. Then there is 'scientific knowledge known only to a few and finally the last level of scientific research, the more' advanced, attended by very few. The new physics will have 'need a long time to change the cognitive attitude generally assumed to be able to do so. The common knowledge today, and 'generally anchored to a scientific conception of reality' kind of positivist, and 'a materialist conception of reality. Materialism means "to believe that reality' is made up of material broken down into parts' small.
We naively believe that reality 'is material because' This is confirmed by the senses, but in fact the use of the senses and 'culturally conditioned and our senses are oriented so materialistic.
If we were born into a tribe 'Navahos believe that the wind is inhabited by a spirit and that children are born as children of the bison and, entering the tent of sweat, you can communicate with the ancestors or the great spirits, and believe Whatever the meaning of this and to show that this' is a reality 'objective (one of the first great film of Kurosawa's' Derzu Urzala' on a Siberian hunter, so the smoke of the fire was a god and so 'the wind and so on. ) Even dreams, visions and hallucinations have their sensory appearance. I see the dead but not with the mind's eye. When I see them, they are solid for me as everything else.
A dream is often not 'other than an experience to wake up, so that children confuse them. A chair of a dream, and 'identical to a chair and so real' emotion. Indeed sometimes the emotions in dreams are even more 'vivid and strong as the real ones.
The first application of physics': and what 'reality'? What 's the world?
Reality 'is' everything 'that exists'. Everything 'that there'. But the reality for everyone 'and' what experiences or who taught him to believe as true.
Reality 'is the phenomenon?
Or the phenomenon and 'virtual? From what I can The common knowledge, at best, has a gap of over two hundred years to scientific medium. Then there is 'scientific knowledge known only to a few and finally the last level of scientific research, the more' advanced, attended by very few. The new physics will have 'need a long time to change the cognitive attitude generally assumed to be able to do so. The common knowledge today, and 'generally anchored to a scientific conception of reality' kind of positivist, and 'a materialist conception of reality. Materialism means "to believe that reality' is made up of material broken down into parts' small.
We naively believe that reality 'is material because' This is confirmed by the senses, but in fact the use of the senses and 'culturally conditioned and our senses are oriented so materialistic.
If we were born into a tribe 'Navahos believe that the wind is inhabited by a spirit and that children are born as children of the bison and, entering the tent of sweat, you can communicate with the ancestors or the great spirits, and believe Whatever the meaning of this and to show that this' is a reality 'objective (one of the first great film of Kurosawa's' Derzu Urzala' on a Siberian hunter, so the smoke of the fire was a god and so 'the wind and so on. ) Even dreams, visions and hallucinations have their sensory appearance. I see the dead but not with the mind's eye. When I see them, they are solid for me as everything else.
A dream is often not 'other than an experience to wake up, so that children confuse them. A chair of a dream, and 'identical to a chair and so real' emotion. Indeed sometimes the emotions in dreams are even more 'vivid and strong as the real ones.
The first application of physics': and what 'reality'? What 's the world?
Reality 'is' everything 'that exists'. Everything 'that there'. But the reality for everyone 'and' what experiences or who taught him to believe as true.
Reality 'is the phenomenon?
'I see and I touch. The meaning I certify a material world. I see this table, the touch, so this table exists for me, I consider it real. But even this is 'a result of culture, and' the product of a context that we have become accustomed to using particular senses, educating the mind and little to no over-mind. If we reality 'is the phenomenon, that' s what appears
in the East, on the contrary, the phenomenal world, the world looks like, and 'a fiction, a mirage, a dream produced by the veil of Maya, an illusion that a god has made misleading flashed before us but that is not 'true reality'. A Hindu or a Buddhist believe that the true reality 'we can perceive beyond' of sense and reason, with a special ruler which opens when the man fails to empty completely.
Reality 'and not' reality 'we experience every day, but ordinary and' something exceptional that you can 'guess rarely if ever, like a whale, but only passing through the senses and to changes of consciousness is much more' broad . In India the ordinary world, so 'as it appears, and' considered a dream. And there are people, like the Australian Aborigines, and that 'the dream the real world, a reality' more 'important part of the vigil, so that rituals in caves trying to enter the world of the dream to visit the superior beings and have true knowledge of things.
are different ways of giving truth 'and reality' to what 'appears to consciousness.
with the peoples of Melanesia the '
mana' or the vital substance, invisible, high-power, and 'very real and concrete and can' emanate from objects, stones, fetishes, important people ....
This 'we believe that reality' depends from learning and habit and also by the expectations and the general 'cognitive system. There
what 'we believe exists. senses, thought, every faculty 'human, anything can' be polite, embossed, textured, but even more directly 'indirectly, under the constant action of the environment in which we live, following a learning as a result of hereditary factors, even for the disposal of the DNA.
We are the result of an ongoing cultural imprinting. To be human means "to be complied with"
. If a child lives in a community 'of wolves, conforms to the wolves, further develops the sense of smell, but sees little color, knows how to follow a track or a warning signal of danger, but not 'able to stand erect and to articulate a verbal language and thinking. And 'the fruit of a community' of wolves and their cognitive baggage.
So 'we are the product of Western culture to one-twentieth century that we have complied as what' we are. Thing and be a means to not be many people or else are excluded. We are the result of a selection and we depend on that, a dependency that while it is our wealth of knowledge, the other puts us in trouble 'and sometimes it impossible' to understand different cognitive assets. As a species we are the result of a long lost in the mists of time, but as cultural beings derive mainly from the Western thought of the last 2500 years, first from the greek, and that 'our primary matrix, then from the euro-American.
Birth of physics
in the East, on the contrary, the phenomenal world, the world looks like, and 'a fiction, a mirage, a dream produced by the veil of Maya, an illusion that a god has made misleading flashed before us but that is not 'true reality'. A Hindu or a Buddhist believe that the true reality 'we can perceive beyond' of sense and reason, with a special ruler which opens when the man fails to empty completely.
Reality 'and not' reality 'we experience every day, but ordinary and' something exceptional that you can 'guess rarely if ever, like a whale, but only passing through the senses and to changes of consciousness is much more' broad . In India the ordinary world, so 'as it appears, and' considered a dream. And there are people, like the Australian Aborigines, and that 'the dream the real world, a reality' more 'important part of the vigil, so that rituals in caves trying to enter the world of the dream to visit the superior beings and have true knowledge of things.
are different ways of giving truth 'and reality' to what 'appears to consciousness.
with the peoples of Melanesia the '
mana' or the vital substance, invisible, high-power, and 'very real and concrete and can' emanate from objects, stones, fetishes, important people ....
This 'we believe that reality' depends from learning and habit and also by the expectations and the general 'cognitive system. There
what 'we believe exists. senses, thought, every faculty 'human, anything can' be polite, embossed, textured, but even more directly 'indirectly, under the constant action of the environment in which we live, following a learning as a result of hereditary factors, even for the disposal of the DNA.
We are the result of an ongoing cultural imprinting. To be human means "to be complied with"
. If a child lives in a community 'of wolves, conforms to the wolves, further develops the sense of smell, but sees little color, knows how to follow a track or a warning signal of danger, but not 'able to stand erect and to articulate a verbal language and thinking. And 'the fruit of a community' of wolves and their cognitive baggage.
So 'we are the product of Western culture to one-twentieth century that we have complied as what' we are. Thing and be a means to not be many people or else are excluded. We are the result of a selection and we depend on that, a dependency that while it is our wealth of knowledge, the other puts us in trouble 'and sometimes it impossible' to understand different cognitive assets. As a species we are the result of a long lost in the mists of time, but as cultural beings derive mainly from the Western thought of the last 2500 years, first from the greek, and that 'our primary matrix, then from the euro-American.
Birth of physics
2500 years ago (6th century BC.) Greece man begin 'to organize your mind in a rational way. Can you imagine that would increase the left brain lateralization, although the level imaginal and intuitive were always prevalent. One of the first questions was: how and 'made the world
. Science began as a study of nature, as everything 'that exists. Nature is said in greek
physis, from which 'physical'. Physics begins with a fundamental question: What is 'the seed (arche') of all? What 'the primary substance of creation? The world seems different but it could be made up of elementary particles that are assembled together, like bricks to form things. Some Greeks speculated simple shapes, constituent of the Whole, pieces of the puzzle universal fundamentals. DEMOCRITUS
think 'that there were not divisible particles (a-tomos
) for consolidating or breaking down, formed all things. The indivisible, or atoms were the building blocks of the universe, therefore he said 'that the world' consists of particles or corpuscles. It was a purely mental hypothesis that exchange 'history. We think that atoms are a reality 'with Democritus.
. Science began as a study of nature, as everything 'that exists. Nature is said in greek
physis, from which 'physical'. Physics begins with a fundamental question: What is 'the seed (arche') of all? What 'the primary substance of creation? The world seems different but it could be made up of elementary particles that are assembled together, like bricks to form things. Some Greeks speculated simple shapes, constituent of the Whole, pieces of the puzzle universal fundamentals. DEMOCRITUS
think 'that there were not divisible particles (a-tomos
) for consolidating or breaking down, formed all things. The indivisible, or atoms were the building blocks of the universe, therefore he said 'that the world' consists of particles or corpuscles. It was a purely mental hypothesis that exchange 'history. We think that atoms are a reality 'with Democritus.
Other people did not have imagined this hypothesis and reality 'in other ways, but Democritus come up with' the first atomic theory, such particle or particles, for which the world 'consists of a countless number of small bodies invisible and indivisible . 
Another greek,
EMPEDOCLE, Another greek, hypothesize 'that these particles represent four qualities' symbolic
AIR FIRE WATER EARTH. In China At the same time it was thought that members of the world were 5: air, water, earth, fire, and a 5th element plastic (wood or metal or wind). The theory of the 4 or 5 elements is found everywhere on Earth. For Democritus particles came together by chance and fell downward course 'weight. But Empedocles hypothesized 'of FORCES
aggregation and disintegration, which I call' love and hate (or attraction and repulsion, like dowsing), as the forces that attract different faces of two magnets and reject those they do the same.
was born the concept of force, and liked it so much that the next physical was a series of assumptions about the forces that could explain the changes and movements the world. The first modern scientist will '
Aristotle (4th century BC), which completes the path to abstraction freeing the materialistic view of the universe. He suggests four abstract principles that can be applied to any event. In his overview, the material contains potentially the form in which it will implement '. The acorn and 'potentially the oak tree and tends it. The evolution of life and 'forward momentum.
The 4 explanatory principles of reality are thus: POWER ON FORM and ACT, but tools are more philosophical 'than physical. In the field there
' power in the new form in which it will implement 'in its development and future of life is just that. The thought of Aristotle and 'abstract and says life as an ongoing dynamic in the forward position, teleological or teleological (telos = end), where the act attracts' life. The universe and 'a great machine that tends to an end if that leads to ubiquitous' becoming universal. Aristotle asks: "What is' the cause of the phenomenon", but "everything moves towards
all becoming? . Aristotle does not speak more 'of elementary particles of the universe, but we look to the evolution of things, with an abstract general philosophical. Pero ', although' a thousand years of the Middle Ages are not a reworking of Aristotle, the 1600 science will resume 'then to be causal.
AIR FIRE WATER EARTH. In China At the same time it was thought that members of the world were 5: air, water, earth, fire, and a 5th element plastic (wood or metal or wind). The theory of the 4 or 5 elements is found everywhere on Earth. For Democritus particles came together by chance and fell downward course 'weight. But Empedocles hypothesized 'of FORCES
aggregation and disintegration, which I call' love and hate (or attraction and repulsion, like dowsing), as the forces that attract different faces of two magnets and reject those they do the same.
was born the concept of force, and liked it so much that the next physical was a series of assumptions about the forces that could explain the changes and movements the world. The first modern scientist will '
Aristotle (4th century BC), which completes the path to abstraction freeing the materialistic view of the universe. He suggests four abstract principles that can be applied to any event. In his overview, the material contains potentially the form in which it will implement '. The acorn and 'potentially the oak tree and tends it. The evolution of life and 'forward momentum.
The 4 explanatory principles of reality are thus: POWER ON FORM and ACT, but tools are more philosophical 'than physical. In the field there
' power in the new form in which it will implement 'in its development and future of life is just that. The thought of Aristotle and 'abstract and says life as an ongoing dynamic in the forward position, teleological or teleological (telos = end), where the act attracts' life. The universe and 'a great machine that tends to an end if that leads to ubiquitous' becoming universal. Aristotle asks: "What is' the cause of the phenomenon", but "everything moves towards
all becoming? . Aristotle does not speak more 'of elementary particles of the universe, but we look to the evolution of things, with an abstract general philosophical. Pero ', although' a thousand years of the Middle Ages are not a reworking of Aristotle, the 1600 science will resume 'then to be causal.
In 1700 
NEWTON
will assume ' NEWTON 4 astronomical forces, one of which' the force of gravity ', in which a planet of given mass is able to attract to himself' an object as it enters its field. The gravitational field and 'the region of space where is this force of attraction. If two bodies of different mass (eg Earth and Moon) are a certain distance, are attracted to each other by a force directly proportional to the masses and inversely related to distances, where the body mass and less 'attracted to the larger, but, if he has sufficient gravity', the resistant, not falling over but ends up revolve around it, just as does the Earth with the Moon. Assume particles constituting the universe was not enough, they wanted to explain the world through a limited number of fundamental forces.
force field
force field
Also in the ancient world there were also philosophers, the Stoics, who thought that most 'of the matter was important the force field. If I put the iron filings on a sheet in which I put a magnet, the fragments of iron dart away to form a pattern that looks like this )) (('cause the magnet to submit them to a field of force.
A force field and' an area where acting forces.
If a therapist puts his hand on a sick part, this probably comes as a force field, the patient feels a strong heat and motion swarming like spring, in some cases can 'feel an electric shock, and 'subjected to the force field emanating from the healer, who can' change its organization energy balancing.
I once unintentionally produced two burns on the stomach of my child while dressing, small as two coins as if they were red and burns. It would not make sense to speak of suggestion, and it 'produced a force field with visible effects. The field 'but the burn is invisible' visible. Similarly, placing his hands on a few minutes a day clivia, I got three consecutive blooms in winter, when, and 'not known to the Clivia blooming in the house, much less in winter. My force field has forced its flowering. I do not see this force field, but I can see its consequences.
Even Newton's gravitational field with his prelude to the force field. Dowsing
In this concept of field is examined from a pragmatic point of view and it turns out that two objects can be compared attract or repel each other and that everything with which we meet has on the forces that we can be positive or negative. In
Dowsing is said that everything has a frequency and emits waves, not only material objects, but even the ideas, thoughts, prayers or curses. If you biotensor head with the head of a person who is thinking, it 'will cut''if blasphemy,' Please will call''if, in short, will react 'differently to different energies, be it mental or emotional.
Any existing material or not, it radiates energy and all the existing interfere with each other (like the Moon and Earth in astronomical scheme of Newton). The mind of a guru and 'field of force that has its effects. The old scientist would have denied, but new discoveries scientists have made very interesting.
field and 'a region of space in which certain forces act and identify the effects, (we can compare the field to a pond and the strength of a movement that invisible rippling waters. I see is not always the case but sometimes I can study effects).
Theories corpuscular or wave
A force field and' an area where acting forces.
If a therapist puts his hand on a sick part, this probably comes as a force field, the patient feels a strong heat and motion swarming like spring, in some cases can 'feel an electric shock, and 'subjected to the force field emanating from the healer, who can' change its organization energy balancing.
I once unintentionally produced two burns on the stomach of my child while dressing, small as two coins as if they were red and burns. It would not make sense to speak of suggestion, and it 'produced a force field with visible effects. The field 'but the burn is invisible' visible. Similarly, placing his hands on a few minutes a day clivia, I got three consecutive blooms in winter, when, and 'not known to the Clivia blooming in the house, much less in winter. My force field has forced its flowering. I do not see this force field, but I can see its consequences.
Even Newton's gravitational field with his prelude to the force field. Dowsing
In this concept of field is examined from a pragmatic point of view and it turns out that two objects can be compared attract or repel each other and that everything with which we meet has on the forces that we can be positive or negative. In
Dowsing is said that everything has a frequency and emits waves, not only material objects, but even the ideas, thoughts, prayers or curses. If you biotensor head with the head of a person who is thinking, it 'will cut''if blasphemy,' Please will call''if, in short, will react 'differently to different energies, be it mental or emotional.
Any existing material or not, it radiates energy and all the existing interfere with each other (like the Moon and Earth in astronomical scheme of Newton). The mind of a guru and 'field of force that has its effects. The old scientist would have denied, but new discoveries scientists have made very interesting.
field and 'a region of space in which certain forces act and identify the effects, (we can compare the field to a pond and the strength of a movement that invisible rippling waters. I see is not always the case but sometimes I can study effects).
Theories corpuscular or wave
With the advent of the concept of force , theories about the world were divided into two groups:
-some continued to think in terms of bricks, looking for the elementary particles that combine forming their things, the small bodies or corpuscles: these are the corpuscular theory, in 1800 it is assumed 'that the atom was split into the underlying particles, subatomic, which could not be seen but they were just imagine how electric charges, flashes of energy, and was born of a vision based on real polarity 'of a binary, positive or negative electric charges: + -. -others thought instead that the most 'important were not the particles, but energy, acting creatively and dynamically, spreading like a wave, or wave energy theory, putting in the suborder mass or matter. assumptions were not only scientific but religious, esoteric, psychoanalytic, alchemical, philosophical, Dowsing etc.. There were assumptions
monist side: "Everything is' on 'or' Everything 'spirit', or dualist," The world 'made of matter and intelligence, "or unit:" The reality' is manifested in visible or invisible, sometimes as a field, sometimes only as energy or intelligence. "
If we call the phenomenon, that 'it appears to the senses, that' reality 'shows, noumenon and the nature of things in', that 'reality' as the essence, and 'obvious that nature is presented as a phenomenon and hides as noumenon.
The first observation that you can 'do, considering the material things and their changes, and 'that the matter has usually symmetrical and orderly. And nothing 'at random. Even if the world as a set of particles, and 'clear that the union is not' accidental. Einstein says: "God does not play dice" and sees the world as a reality 'organized and intelligent. Just look at the configurations of the crystals and the constant repetition of geometric shapes, symmetry and the molecular architecture and fine repeat of the chaos theory.
Atomic number
-some continued to think in terms of bricks, looking for the elementary particles that combine forming their things, the small bodies or corpuscles: these are the corpuscular theory, in 1800 it is assumed 'that the atom was split into the underlying particles, subatomic, which could not be seen but they were just imagine how electric charges, flashes of energy, and was born of a vision based on real polarity 'of a binary, positive or negative electric charges: + -. -others thought instead that the most 'important were not the particles, but energy, acting creatively and dynamically, spreading like a wave, or wave energy theory, putting in the suborder mass or matter. assumptions were not only scientific but religious, esoteric, psychoanalytic, alchemical, philosophical, Dowsing etc.. There were assumptions
monist side: "Everything is' on 'or' Everything 'spirit', or dualist," The world 'made of matter and intelligence, "or unit:" The reality' is manifested in visible or invisible, sometimes as a field, sometimes only as energy or intelligence. "
If we call the phenomenon, that 'it appears to the senses, that' reality 'shows, noumenon and the nature of things in', that 'reality' as the essence, and 'obvious that nature is presented as a phenomenon and hides as noumenon.
The first observation that you can 'do, considering the material things and their changes, and 'that the matter has usually symmetrical and orderly. And nothing 'at random. Even if the world as a set of particles, and 'clear that the union is not' accidental. Einstein says: "God does not play dice" and sees the world as a reality 'organized and intelligent. Just look at the configurations of the crystals and the constant repetition of geometric shapes, symmetry and the molecular architecture and fine repeat of the chaos theory.
Atomic number
Empedocles had suggested four types of atoms. In 1800 they identified 92 chemical basic natural elements in the Mendeleev table the atom of each chemical element and 'identified by its atomic number, its number of electrons (negatively charged particles), which is' equal to the number of protons.
The 1st element of the table and 'hydrogen, which has only one electron and one proton, therefore, the 2nd and' The helium has two electrons and two protons etc .... 92 ° and the 'uranium that has 92 electrons and 92 protons. The whole entire world had been reduced to combinations of certain basic elements, each of which was identified by a number. The number was the key to the universe. After the Second World War produced artificial elements beyond uranium (with particle accelerators or reactors Nuclear) to find 105 items, more heavy and unstable.
around the nucleus, we have 7 possible orbits or electronic shells, the first may 'contain two electrons, the second 8, third 18 and so' on. The electrons 'orbit outside broaden their understanding another nucleus and binding so' two atoms together, we have links with these molecules. Aggregates of atoms following specific configurations, eg. a water molecule and 'always consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, bound together by electrostatic forces. Atoms are hundreds of times less than the wavelength of visible light because it will 'never be possible to observe even with advanced optical microscope. No one can still see the atoms of a substance. But with a scanning tunneling electron microscope you can take advantage of the surface electric currents revealing patterns
The atom and 'an empty space in the center of which is' a thousand times more generic' small, around which the electrons (1938 times more 'small core) along the orbits. The 1st element of the table and 'hydrogen, which has only one electron and one proton, therefore, the 2nd and' The helium has two electrons and two protons etc .... 92 ° and the 'uranium that has 92 electrons and 92 protons. The whole entire world had been reduced to combinations of certain basic elements, each of which was identified by a number. The number was the key to the universe. After the Second World War produced artificial elements beyond uranium (with particle accelerators or reactors Nuclear) to find 105 items, more heavy and unstable.
around the nucleus, we have 7 possible orbits or electronic shells, the first may 'contain two electrons, the second 8, third 18 and so' on. The electrons 'orbit outside broaden their understanding another nucleus and binding so' two atoms together, we have links with these molecules. Aggregates of atoms following specific configurations, eg. a water molecule and 'always consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, bound together by electrostatic forces. Atoms are hundreds of times less than the wavelength of visible light because it will 'never be possible to observe even with advanced optical microscope. No one can still see the atoms of a substance. But with a scanning tunneling electron microscope you can take advantage of the surface electric currents revealing patterns
For a long time scientists tried to determine the size and weight of the atoms in the end they said that the hydrogen atom has a diameter of 10 to minus 10, and weighs less than 24 10 to 1.7, a drop of water contains more 'than 1000 billion hydrogen atoms.
Newton had described the solar system as a system of planets in a steady state around a central sun, it is assumed 'that the atom had a small planetary system of electrical charges, some are neutral (neutrons), other positive or negative (protons and electrons), with the nucleus at the center and the particles were centered. Positive and negative charges had to be in equilibrium with each other and together form an electrically neutral. Eg. an atom that was in 12th place of the table, must have had 12 positive and 12 negative, so 'was a stable system. Incidentally, this atom and 'carbon, which was then called carbon 12. It was taken as reference data for the scale of atomic weights (If the weight of a liter of oxygen and '16 times the weight of a liter of hydrogen, it means that the weight of an atom of oxygen and' 16 times the weight of a hydrogen atom. To determine the atomic weights of various elements and 'sought an atom of reference, and' chosen carbon atom saying that he had 12 units' atomic mass).
As we move from theory to the atomic wave?
The model of the atom passes through the following improvements: In 1899
As we move from theory to the atomic wave?
The model of the atom passes through the following improvements: In 1899
Thomson
in 13 Danish Niels Bohr
dreams of a new model, the core is always at the center. The stationary electron orbits, which are like highways fixed. The electron that a given energy is the corresponding orbit. When this energy drops, jumps into an orbit more 'internally, if increases jump on a more' outside. The energy varies according to how many packages, so the orbit must always be held on energy, otherwise it must make a quantum leap. Skip outer orbit when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation Skip orbit emits radiation when outside (and we'll see a color, that 'a frequency of light). Assume or lose it, that 'packets of energy.
Each atom has its own configuration, that 'a certain number of electrons that' his atomic number. 
Each electron is in its electron shell that matches your energy level.
Each shell contains a maximum number of electrons: for example, the first at most it can 'contain 2, 8 seconds, the third 18 and so on. Each electron is in its electron shell that matches your energy level. The Bohr atom
One night in 1913 the Danish physicist Niels Bohr called had a dream where he saw the fundamental model of the atom, and it was not the only time a scientific discovery was achieved in a dream. Thus was born 'the Bohr model, the atom as a small planetary system with a central core and around the particles, the electrical charges that will not run away' plunge in the nucleus, due to the combination and balance of opposing forces, centrifugal and centripetal forces that resemble both love and hate the old EMPEDOCLE. In the Bohr model of the atom, 'a dynamic system of forces.
According to Bohr, in a resting state, the electron orbits around the nucleus without undergoing steady changes in energy. For each orbit has a defined value of energy of electrons. But, when an electron passes from one orbit to another, transfers or purchases energy. The Bohr model becomes the conceptual basis of modern quantum physics.
No one has ever seen an electron, at the CERN research center in Geneva, building a room bubble wrap, placed in a magnetic field where the particles pass through leaving traces, 'cause the magnetic field deflects positive or negative electric charges in a different direction. Tracks can be deduced from these characteristics of elementary particles. nice explanation of the atom made by astrophysicists and Adouze Jean Michel Casse '.
"
Take a ball .. Let it become as big as the Earth and fill it with cherries. According to Bohr, in a resting state, the electron orbits around the nucleus without undergoing steady changes in energy. For each orbit has a defined value of energy of electrons. But, when an electron passes from one orbit to another, transfers or purchases energy. The Bohr model becomes the conceptual basis of modern quantum physics.
No one has ever seen an electron, at the CERN research center in Geneva, building a room bubble wrap, placed in a magnetic field where the particles pass through leaving traces, 'cause the magnetic field deflects positive or negative electric charges in a different direction. Tracks can be deduced from these characteristics of elementary particles. nice explanation of the atom made by astrophysicists and Adouze Jean Michel Casse '.
"
How many are there? A huge number but not infinite, just 10 to the twentieth, that 'one with 20 zeros. These are the atoms of the orange.
Now take one of these cherries, that 'an atom. Make it grow until 'becomes as big as the dome of the basilica of S. Peter's in Rome. Place dome in a grain of rice in mid-air.
entire dome and 'the atom, the grain is at its core.
In the vacuum of the dome, distant and infinitely small, spinning of flies that cross the orbits around the central grain, and each '1938 times more' small grain of rice. These are the electrons.
In this grain of rice, in this infinitely small nucleus lies one of the forces more 'terrible universe: the strong nuclear force, that' the strength of the core
. "
In the macro world as in planetary micro atomic universe, there are movements and forces of attraction and repulsion. The pattern created by Newton to explain outer space is repeated in the particles' small universe. The big and small seem to correspond as alchemy. Electrical charges of opposite rotational movements in microuniverses second dance, the world becomes, in the small size, a game of particles rotating, circular movements of the cosmos. In Genesis of the Vedas and 'wrote: "At first it was quiet then I start' a commotion." The god of creation and 'movement, vibration.
The world becomes a series of vibrations Now take one of these cherries, that 'an atom. Make it grow until 'becomes as big as the dome of the basilica of S. Peter's in Rome. Place dome in a grain of rice in mid-air.
entire dome and 'the atom, the grain is at its core.
In the vacuum of the dome, distant and infinitely small, spinning of flies that cross the orbits around the central grain, and each '1938 times more' small grain of rice. These are the electrons.
In this grain of rice, in this infinitely small nucleus lies one of the forces more 'terrible universe: the strong nuclear force, that' the strength of the core
. "
In the macro world as in planetary micro atomic universe, there are movements and forces of attraction and repulsion. The pattern created by Newton to explain outer space is repeated in the particles' small universe. The big and small seem to correspond as alchemy. Electrical charges of opposite rotational movements in microuniverses second dance, the world becomes, in the small size, a game of particles rotating, circular movements of the cosmos. In Genesis of the Vedas and 'wrote: "At first it was quiet then I start' a commotion." The god of creation and 'movement, vibration.
.
in the atom there is a nucleus made of protons (charges electrical positive) and neutrons (particles with no electrical charge). Protons and neutrons are bound together by a very powerful force, the strong nuclear force.
in the atom there is a nucleus made of protons (charges electrical positive) and neutrons (particles with no electrical charge). Protons and neutrons are bound together by a very powerful force, the strong nuclear force.
spins around the nucleus in a cloud of electrons, negative electric charges. Their number and 'equal to that of protons, so the system is in equilibrium, and the charges cancel each other out. The nucleus rotates directed upon itself, so if the wheel (like the Earth, clockwise?) From West to East, the North Pole and 'at the top (like the thumb in left hand): Instead if it rotates from east to west (clockwise?), the North Pole 'below.
Now it turns out 'that
atoms were stable and unstable atoms.
Nature seemed to prefer even numbers, so if an atom has a nucleus with an odd No. of neutrons and protons, and 'almost always unstable and radioactive, and usually what' happens when the number of neutrons and 'very higher than that of protons. If the number of water protons and neutrons was equal, the atom was stable. The Curies began stable nuclei and bombard them with radiation or nuclear particles accelerated, creating radioactive isotopes.
today are used for this particle accelerators.
The Bohr model was good but it worked only with the hydrogen atom and that 'the more 'simple. At that point the physical
De Broglie said that perhaps the electrons should be regarded as particles, but not waves.
Schroedinger took the indication, giving the electrons a wave motion. Now it turns out 'that
atoms were stable and unstable atoms.
Nature seemed to prefer even numbers, so if an atom has a nucleus with an odd No. of neutrons and protons, and 'almost always unstable and radioactive, and usually what' happens when the number of neutrons and 'very higher than that of protons. If the number of water protons and neutrons was equal, the atom was stable. The Curies began stable nuclei and bombard them with radiation or nuclear particles accelerated, creating radioactive isotopes.
today are used for this particle accelerators.
The Bohr model was good but it worked only with the hydrogen atom and that 'the more 'simple. At that point the physical
De Broglie said that perhaps the electrons should be regarded as particles, but not waves.
model Schroedinger described the electron as a wave.
But, while a particle, we could ask what was his position at a given moment, this was not possible for the wave, you can not 'talk about position and wave' movement. Max Born built 'of wave functions associated with electrons, which identify the electron clouds, that' the regions around the nucleus, where the wave was moving, were the orbital areas where one could find the electron according to these mathematical functions. So this model of the atom describes the electron as a wave that defines the probability 'of employment in the region of space around the nucleus.
You start talking about probabilities'.
(This discovery of the orbital and 'very curious,' cause he discovers petals fixed structures, which correspond to the petals of the chakras Indians). The orbital and
'a mathematical function that describes the region of space where there is' more 'chances' of finding an electron. We no longer have 'fixed orbits.
Since then, the electron and sometimes 'was studied as a particle, sometimes like a wave
, which is used for the Schroedinger wave function, however, by this' exact solutions only for simple atoms and becomes rough for complex atoms . You start talking about probabilities'.
(This discovery of the orbital and 'very curious,' cause he discovers petals fixed structures, which correspond to the petals of the chakras Indians). The orbital and
'a mathematical function that describes the region of space where there is' more 'chances' of finding an electron. We no longer have 'fixed orbits.
Since then, the electron and sometimes 'was studied as a particle, sometimes like a wave
Each orbital can 'be occupied by up to two electrons, so' to atoms with a higher number of orbitals and the structure of 'concentric succession. Here are four fundamental forces
The gravitational force that attracts every body toward the center of the planet in a way proportional to its mass, it keeps us attached to the ground by the weight, and prevents us from fly off into space
The electromagnetic force that holds together atoms and molecules together and also the spiral of DNA helices, and 'form and solidity' apparent things
The strong nuclear force inside the atom , which holds the nucleus together, that 'protons and neutrons, and that' so strong that if we do the splitting of the atom, we have a frightening energy
The weak nuclear force that holds electrons unstably surface and as and 'weak can' lose
For the first three forces of Nature and 'coherent and symmetric, for the last no.
The electromagnetic force that holds together atoms and molecules together and also the spiral of DNA helices, and 'form and solidity' apparent things
The strong nuclear force inside the atom , which holds the nucleus together, that 'protons and neutrons, and that' so strong that if we do the splitting of the atom, we have a frightening energy
The weak nuclear force that holds electrons unstably surface and as and 'weak can' lose
For the first three forces of Nature and 'coherent and symmetric, for the last no.
But why an atom joins another?
all depends on the electron orbits of the more 'external feel less the pull of the nucleus. For example, noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and the sparse, are inert, as the external level and 'all busy, so do not react with other elements. Alkali metals, however, such as lithium, sodium or potassium, have only one electron outside and may give up, forming chemical compounds. The electron is detached, it becomes an ion, that 'a stray, and also includes an additional core, linking the two atoms. Instead
to halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, is missing an electron in external level and combine well with those elements that give it to him.
The electrons on the orbits that run power plants are subject to a strong attractive force, those on the orbits more 'peripheral to a weak attractive force, and have a tendency to run away attracted by other nuclei, breaking the balance originating and creating new ones, become ions, that 'stray.
When do this flight, the small system is unbalanced, because 'lost and negative charges and' less aggregate changes its density ', that' means, for example. something that was solid becomes a liquid or gas, or it can 'be that the electrons in surplus on a pole is moving towards a more pole' defenseless, how does a general move troops from one point more 'and defended it in a' less so 'a few electrons flow linearly from a positive to a negative forming an electrical current.
The electrical current, which is studied since the early 1900's, not 'that a shift of electrons from one pole to another. to halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, is missing an electron in external level and combine well with those elements that give it to him.
The electrons on the orbits that run power plants are subject to a strong attractive force, those on the orbits more 'peripheral to a weak attractive force, and have a tendency to run away attracted by other nuclei, breaking the balance originating and creating new ones, become ions, that 'stray.
When do this flight, the small system is unbalanced, because 'lost and negative charges and' less aggregate changes its density ', that' means, for example. something that was solid becomes a liquid or gas, or it can 'be that the electrons in surplus on a pole is moving towards a more pole' defenseless, how does a general move troops from one point more 'and defended it in a' less so 'a few electrons flow linearly from a positive to a negative forming an electrical current.
(In the case of a healer may be a similar phenomenon. There 's an energy imbalance between the Office of the healer and that of the patient, the therapist and' too much like a battery charge, the patient as a low battery, charged energy flow from one to another, tracing the energy potential of the most 'weak. If the healer draw from if 'this force, will end' to download. If the healer uses himself as a channel to channel that energy and 'out of it, you may' instead remain intact.)
Electrons have a close relationship between their friendship that makes them stay together. When electrons tightening or loosening their ties, their bodies show density 'various (solid, liquid, gas), eg. ice, water, steam, fog, air, 5 seemingly different substances that in reality 'the same thing (more atoms of hydrogen and oxygen).
There 's a density' that tightens or loosens and configurations of these atoms give rise to apparent changes of matter, according to forces and energies that the senses do not perceive.
(Dowsing For example if you put a magnet in a bottle of tap water, we, after 12 hours, crystalline and pure water as source, 'cause? Why' the water is stagnant become more 'dense network molecular, while the force field produced by the magnet relaxes the network and plays the fresh spring of pure water). Electrons have a close relationship between their friendship that makes them stay together. When electrons tightening or loosening their ties, their bodies show density 'various (solid, liquid, gas), eg. ice, water, steam, fog, air, 5 seemingly different substances that in reality 'the same thing (more atoms of hydrogen and oxygen).
There 's a density' that tightens or loosens and configurations of these atoms give rise to apparent changes of matter, according to forces and energies that the senses do not perceive.
ELECTRICITY '
Eletktron and' the greek name of amber, a fossil resin, which attracts rubbed bits of paper. The ancient Greeks had found a stone on the island of Magnesia (a magnet) that attracted the iron, the magnet. The Chinese, using magnetite, invented the compass, because 'the earth' as \u200b\u200ba huge magnet suspended over the water and the needle pointing north, 'cause he was sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field. In 1700 the French
Clarles De Coulomb had discovered the mathematical laws of the electric force between two charged objects. This force attracting the opposite sides and dismissed the faces of the opposite sign. We do not attract or repel like magnets 'cause the electrical charges and the sum of our' peers. In 1789, in the middle of the French Revolution, the physician Luigi Galvani was cutting with a scalpel, the muscles of some dead frogs, and realized that, as I touched the muscles with iron, the frog was dead a shot as if it were prey to electrical impulses.
(If you look at the monument in Piazza Galvani in Bologna, you see his foot frogs).
Alessandro Volta chiefs' that what 'happens for a combination of tissues and fluids, then made a stack of metal plates separated by a wet cloth, and invented' the electric battery.
We noticed that, when producing an electric current, if there was near a compass needle deflected. Since 'the needle of the compass and' sensitive to magnetic fields, this' meant that an electrical current generates a magnetic field.
was born 'the
electromagnetism.
Now (It was the first 800) added 'a very poor English, the son of a blacksmith and with little education, no university education but with a huge passion for electromagnetism. His name was Michael Faraday .
Clarles De Coulomb had discovered the mathematical laws of the electric force between two charged objects. This force attracting the opposite sides and dismissed the faces of the opposite sign. We do not attract or repel like magnets 'cause the electrical charges and the sum of our' peers. In 1789, in the middle of the French Revolution, the physician Luigi Galvani was cutting with a scalpel, the muscles of some dead frogs, and realized that, as I touched the muscles with iron, the frog was dead a shot as if it were prey to electrical impulses.
(If you look at the monument in Piazza Galvani in Bologna, you see his foot frogs).
Alessandro Volta chiefs' that what 'happens for a combination of tissues and fluids, then made a stack of metal plates separated by a wet cloth, and invented' the electric battery.
We noticed that, when producing an electric current, if there was near a compass needle deflected. Since 'the needle of the compass and' sensitive to magnetic fields, this' meant that an electrical current generates a magnetic field.
was born 'the
electromagnetism.
Now (It was the first 800) added 'a very poor English, the son of a blacksmith and with little education, no university education but with a huge passion for electromagnetism. His name was Michael Faraday .
became a student of a famous chemist and overcome 'the master. He proved 'that an electric current always generates a magnetic field and a magnetic field, and if' variable, producing an electric current. 
If you move a magnet near a wire, and this' crossed by an electrical impulse.
Faraday hypothesized 'that an electrical charge or pole of a magnet lines of force that would produce it extends in space and were perceived by another electrical charge or another magnet. If you move a magnet near a wire, and this' crossed by an electrical impulse. not believed him, until 'the physical
Maxwell
do not show' the same thing with 4 famous mathematical equations.
But Maxwell's equations revealed an unexpected data: the existence of electromagnetic waves.
A varying electric field generates a magnetic field, but this and 'variable and generates an electric field, and so' on. As a result we have an electromagnetic field that propagates in space as a wave in a lake when you throw a stone. Maxwell calculation 'speed' of wave propagation and with great surprise to find out 'who was that of light. electromagnetic wave was nothing but light!
Maxwell
do not show' the same thing with 4 famous mathematical equations.
But Maxwell's equations revealed an unexpected data: the existence of electromagnetic waves.
A varying electric field generates a magnetic field, but this and 'variable and generates an electric field, and so' on. As a result we have an electromagnetic field that propagates in space as a wave in a lake when you throw a stone. Maxwell calculation 'speed' of wave propagation and with great surprise to find out 'who was that of light. electromagnetic wave was nothing but light!
Since then, I speak 'to indicate any type of light wave. 
The world was a great idea that was propagated as waves of light .
Radiation Towards the end of 1800 it was discovered 'that the atom could be split, divided, and this allowed high energy emission. The atom could emit. Roengten discover 'X-rays, radiation capable of crossing a sheet of lead and
Becquerel discover 'that substances such as uranium emitted radiation of unknown origin, the bearer of death. The age of radioactivity '.
Becquerel discover 'that substances such as uranium emitted radiation of unknown origin, the bearer of death. The age of radioactivity '.
Some atomic nuclei spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation also. 
When a parent nucleus decays into a daughter nucleus, it produces a force, called the weak nuclear force. (The strong holds together the nucleus, the weak lose mass).
This decay is an electron emitted brand new other than that there are already ', moving away at great speed' with fixed direction (or North or South, or in between). When a parent nucleus decays into a daughter nucleus, it produces a force, called the weak nuclear force. (The strong holds together the nucleus, the weak lose mass). In physics we have 4 large characters that are known all
CURIE
French Marie and Pierre, the aureati at the Sorbonne in Paris, living in 1800 (Marie will die 'in 1934). Pierre studying magnetic phenomena and discovers a temperature above which a body loses its' magnetic. Together they discover new types of radiation, in particular Marie analyze 'those issued by pitchblende, an ore containing uranium and use' for the first time the word 'radioactive' to indicate unstable elements, the core of which decayed with emission of radiation. Together they discovered polonium and radium.
Working in a wooden shack, with very modest means, the two spouses refine a ton of pitchblende, isolating a fraction of the radio and this discovery were the Nobel Prize in 1903 (Marie was the first woman to have the Nobel Prize). 
Despite this joint research, the Sorbonne in 1904 offered 'only to Pierre a professor of physics and made him a member of the Academy of France, Marie nothing,' cause she was a woman and women was not for recognition. Pierre died 'in 1906 and Marie continued' research and took a second Nobel in physics for his work on radio, becoming head of the institute of radio in Paris and founded the Institute Curie, where he continued 'to study the effects of radiation but being exposed to them too, you ammalo'e mori '.
The Curies had two daughters, one of them, Irene Joliot Curie was a Nobel Prize in 1935 for the synthesis of new radioactive elements. Despite this joint research, the Sorbonne in 1904 offered 'only to Pierre a professor of physics and made him a member of the Academy of France, Marie nothing,' cause she was a woman and women was not for recognition. Pierre died 'in 1906 and Marie continued' research and took a second Nobel in physics for his work on radio, becoming head of the institute of radio in Paris and founded the Institute Curie, where he continued 'to study the effects of radiation but being exposed to them too, you ammalo'e mori '. She had been assistant to the mother and married to another assistant, Frederic Joliot, even here we have two spouses working together in nuclear physics and James Cladwick facilitated the discovery of the neutron that occurred in 1932. In 33
discovered the radioactivity '
artificial and had the Nobel. Irene
happened to the mother in the management of the institute of radio and was made secretary of state for scientific research, was also a member of the French Atomic Energy Agency. But also, like her mother, is exposed to excessive radiation and leukemia that took the port 'death. Her husband was not only historical character in addition to being a scientist and director of the laboratory synthesis of Atomic Ivry, during the Nazi occupation of Paris in World War II, was president of the National Front, the underground resistance to the students of Paris, became high commissioner for atomic energy research in France. Communist Party member, was dismissed for 50 in saying that it would cooperate in a war against Russia. So in the '30s
spouses CURIE French on one side and the English physicist
RUTHERFORD
other discovered that some heavy elements such as uranium, thorium and radium, emit three different types of radiation (alpha rays, beta and gamma). discovered the radioactivity '
artificial and had the Nobel. Irene
happened to the mother in the management of the institute of radio and was made secretary of state for scientific research, was also a member of the French Atomic Energy Agency. But also, like her mother, is exposed to excessive radiation and leukemia that took the port 'death. Her husband was not only historical character in addition to being a scientist and director of the laboratory synthesis of Atomic Ivry, during the Nazi occupation of Paris in World War II, was president of the National Front, the underground resistance to the students of Paris, became high commissioner for atomic energy research in France. Communist Party member, was dismissed for 50 in saying that it would cooperate in a war against Russia. So in the '30s
spouses CURIE French on one side and the English physicist
RUTHERFORD
The gamma rays were identified as electromagnetic waves (similar to X-rays but of shorter wavelength), the beta rays were made up of electrons, alpha rays were helium nuclei. The Curie had bombed the nuclei of stable elements with accelerated nuclear particles or rays given frequency of having radioactive isotopes, but only now with particle accelerators can accelerate projectiles to very high energies, producing natural nuclear reactions. Understanding the radioactive decay of certain elements allowed physicists to better study the nature of atoms.
(in Dowsing Today we say that every existing thing emits or better information ', and that some are good man, others harmful. Dowsing and' an empirical system to get in contact with the radiation of objects or places are perceived by our nervous system. But the concept of wave covers everything that exists).
(in Dowsing Today we say that every existing thing emits or better information ', and that some are good man, others harmful. Dowsing and' an empirical system to get in contact with the radiation of objects or places are perceived by our nervous system. But the concept of wave covers everything that exists).
Everything an object as an immaterial entity, and 'information and information and made' a wave, a beam, an invisible movement. Information and 'frequency
.
In this way, the physics and 'away from the materialistic view of things and insights have been' invisible entities' like electrons, the radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic fields, the atomic force ... Many insights have been backed by mathematics, according to algorithms. But the common man continues to think that reality 'is not formed by the material and energy or movement (also because' atoms and subatomic particles, no one sees them) and then use the tools that naturally progress from the '. Do not believe in mental powers' cause but does not see them using the open-gate or the remote control, calmly accepting that waves or radiation to propagate in space with actual data. Similarly communicates via Internet with half the world without knowing to use the vibrant energy of liquid crystals, ie ' crystals, but 'considers silly that a crystal placed in his hand may have an impact on its energy state. In short for target 'believed to live in a world of matter and half' lives in a world of energy. (The therapist who puts the neck of a laser crystal, it is gradually reduced gradually that he gave his energies to heal others, 'cause the crystal interacts with him and charging cedendogli electrons, so' it happens that the torpedo quartz become empty inside cable and making until opaque 'is not useless. The same quartz, to a certain extent can' be charged with the energy of flowing water or the sun is the main source of energy of life).
fission of the nucleus: the atomic bomb
.
In this way, the physics and 'away from the materialistic view of things and insights have been' invisible entities' like electrons, the radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic fields, the atomic force ... Many insights have been backed by mathematics, according to algorithms. But the common man continues to think that reality 'is not formed by the material and energy or movement (also because' atoms and subatomic particles, no one sees them) and then use the tools that naturally progress from the '. Do not believe in mental powers' cause but does not see them using the open-gate or the remote control, calmly accepting that waves or radiation to propagate in space with actual data. Similarly communicates via Internet with half the world without knowing to use the vibrant energy of liquid crystals, ie ' crystals, but 'considers silly that a crystal placed in his hand may have an impact on its energy state. In short for target 'believed to live in a world of matter and half' lives in a world of energy. (The therapist who puts the neck of a laser crystal, it is gradually reduced gradually that he gave his energies to heal others, 'cause the crystal interacts with him and charging cedendogli electrons, so' it happens that the torpedo quartz become empty inside cable and making until opaque 'is not useless. The same quartz, to a certain extent can' be charged with the energy of flowing water or the sun is the main source of energy of life).
fission of the nucleus: the atomic bomb
There are two major dates for the physical 
In 1905, Einstein's formula, E = Mc2 , states that matter, defeating their mass, is changes in energy
'c' and 'speed' of light (300,000 m per second). At a given mass is a quantity 'enormous power because' power is the product of mass by the square of speed ', huge number. Since 'almost all the mass of the atom and' concentrated in the nucleus, nuclear fission free a quantity 'of enormous energy. Nuclear fusion, which takes place in the sun or the stars, free amazing amount 'of energy. The solar nuclear fusion reactions give us the energy of life as light and heat. In 1934 Enrico Fermi achieved the first controlled nuclear fission
'c' and 'speed' of light (300,000 m per second). At a given mass is a quantity 'enormous power because' power is the product of mass by the square of speed ', huge number. Since 'almost all the mass of the atom and' concentrated in the nucleus, nuclear fission free a quantity 'of enormous energy. Nuclear fusion, which takes place in the sun or the stars, free amazing amount 'of energy. The solar nuclear fusion reactions give us the energy of life as light and heat. In 1934 Enrico Fermi achieved the first controlled nuclear fission
Fermi 'another young genius who made his debut. And 'the father of nuclear physics 
.
. His life and 'marked by a thick sequence of successes. Fermi 'considered the most' after the great Italian scientist Galileo. A very short life (he died at 53 years), but with success in theoretical physics that is very early in the experimental one. And as many genes are joined to him in the famous Via Panisperna school (as Maiorana
). Fermi discovers the beta decay and radioactivity 'artificial.
He had married a Jewish woman, and when fascism took on racial laws and began 'to persecute Jews, Fermi decided to leave Italy. In 1938 he was awarded the Nobel for his work on radioactivity, 'and asked to leave the country to withdraw with his wife, I take this opportunity' to go to America and never come back 'never again', even after the end of the war. Its discovery was huge, 'cause you start' to harness the energy nuclear energy for civilian purposes. Fermi was also credited with having encouraged the study of many young talents of physics, which became the most 'great geniuses of the century. Among them Emilio Segre ', jew and he himself a refugee in America because of the Fascist racial laws, initially study' with the famous Fermi School of Physics Via Panisperna in Rome, discover America 'in 55 of the antiproton with Clamberlain and he had the Nobel. Another famous student was
Majorana, who made great discoveries in the field of the nucleus, and disappeared mysteriously 31 years, after leaving two letters to his wife in which he said to kill himself. Fermi built the first nuclear fission reactor Chicago, participating in the construction of the first atomic bomb, from the time the Nazis were working on this project. Four years after his departure from Italy in 1942, the year I was born in a gym stadium university of Chicago, Fermi monster 'an experimental atomic pile to industry representatives that they should produce it. He made a pile of 5 meters of tiles of graphite, which were cylinders of uranium by extracting the rods of cadmium battery would be turned on resulting in a chain reaction. Fermi When I raise 'the bar of two cm Geiger counters began to tick as desperate, then more and more' strong, more and more 'strong. The bystanders were afraid. The experiment hard '20 minutes. When Fermi interrupted him, all sigh of relief. It was a historic moment. Yet the world knew nothing. He did not 'to be entered into a new era. We can say that if Hitler was not racist, he would win the war, but if it was not racist, would not have even made it.
split the nucleus the emission of neutrons which fuel a chain reaction, and that 'the nuclear reaction, and gives us' the atomic bomb. A hydrogen bomb and 'an example of uncontrolled nuclear fusion. The same reaction under controlled conditions, can 'produce energy for civil use (NPPs), but know how the waste is hazardous and are degradable only in a very long time and Chernobyl taught us that risk is a center for the population, even after its demolition.
). Fermi discovers the beta decay and radioactivity 'artificial.
He had married a Jewish woman, and when fascism took on racial laws and began 'to persecute Jews, Fermi decided to leave Italy. In 1938 he was awarded the Nobel for his work on radioactivity, 'and asked to leave the country to withdraw with his wife, I take this opportunity' to go to America and never come back 'never again', even after the end of the war. Its discovery was huge, 'cause you start' to harness the energy nuclear energy for civilian purposes. Fermi was also credited with having encouraged the study of many young talents of physics, which became the most 'great geniuses of the century. Among them Emilio Segre ', jew and he himself a refugee in America because of the Fascist racial laws, initially study' with the famous Fermi School of Physics Via Panisperna in Rome, discover America 'in 55 of the antiproton with Clamberlain and he had the Nobel. Another famous student was
Majorana, who made great discoveries in the field of the nucleus, and disappeared mysteriously 31 years, after leaving two letters to his wife in which he said to kill himself. Fermi built the first nuclear fission reactor Chicago, participating in the construction of the first atomic bomb, from the time the Nazis were working on this project. Four years after his departure from Italy in 1942, the year I was born in a gym stadium university of Chicago, Fermi monster 'an experimental atomic pile to industry representatives that they should produce it. He made a pile of 5 meters of tiles of graphite, which were cylinders of uranium by extracting the rods of cadmium battery would be turned on resulting in a chain reaction. Fermi When I raise 'the bar of two cm Geiger counters began to tick as desperate, then more and more' strong, more and more 'strong. The bystanders were afraid. The experiment hard '20 minutes. When Fermi interrupted him, all sigh of relief. It was a historic moment. Yet the world knew nothing. He did not 'to be entered into a new era. We can say that if Hitler was not racist, he would win the war, but if it was not racist, would not have even made it.
split the nucleus the emission of neutrons which fuel a chain reaction, and that 'the nuclear reaction, and gives us' the atomic bomb. A hydrogen bomb and 'an example of uncontrolled nuclear fusion. The same reaction under controlled conditions, can 'produce energy for civil use (NPPs), but know how the waste is hazardous and are degradable only in a very long time and Chernobyl taught us that risk is a center for the population, even after its demolition.
Radioactive waste Radioactive substances are considered harmful because prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation can 'harm to living organisms. Solid radioactive waste consisting of residues from processing of uranium ores, radioactive materials from research laboratories, industrial, hospitals, waste and waste products from nuclear power plants. Because of their dangerousness 'can not be disposed of in normal waste and their disposal' regulated by national laws. Radioactive waste can have a level of activity 'more' or less high: those with the highest activity ', produced by nuclear power plants, can be vitrified (ie' combined into a glassy matrix) and sealed in steel containers. The nuclear waste produced by nuclear power plants are one of the mortgages more 'heavy on the health of the planet and still not' been able to find a way to dispose absolutely sure, remains unresolved problem of the disturbing realization of disposal systems can contain the radioactivity 'for thousands of years, until the end of their natural decay. In 1998 the island Polynesian of Kiribati has rejected the offer of $ 100 million, made by the U.S. to allocate an atoll to the storage of nuclear waste.)
The bubble chamber, in small, was also conducted at the University ' Zichichi from Bologna, was a room filled with transparent walls for example. deuterium or hydrogen, which was crossed by particles traveling at a speed 'attracted magnetically to the fearful of the' room. They made pictures from different angles to the passage of particles, which are presented in the bubbles produced by the upheavals. The particles, colliding, interacting with each other, then produce other particles (eg lambda, the lambda tau ... has some positive and negative, and explodes a few feet from a particle, so it has to be sought) and the physicists say then: "Are there any events." All frames were then lying on a table and their connection to allow measurements, displayed on a computer, recreate the event in its spatial dynamics. The passage of particles produces bubbles. The particles are different for what 'they produce, density', direction of movement, duration, form of movement, etc.. For example, a proton appears as a slow charge enough that manages to cross the room, producing large bubbles. The tiny electrons instead, which has a negative charge, appears as an infinitesimal spiraling sinking into himself and died immediately as a small vortex that goes out. After electron, proton and neutron, particles were assumed more and more 'small but never finished' all 'reality'.
Quarks born with Gell-Mann in 1964, but are entities' mathematics. It seems that between the particles and between the subatomic phenomena will retain certain mathematical values, each particle has some stable relationships, for example. between particle charge and charge of the proton. Things are complicated by the possibility of a reality 'quantized, with each variation occurs in jumps. Subatomic systems this is so important, any change takes place in jumps or packages, for example. the momentum carried by a sound wave moves in fits and starts, the light goes packet. Then you try to determine what is 'great leap or any package, the quantum number of quarks, that' the minimum variation of elementary particles. They found 6 quark potential. In 96 of Chicago researchers have identified Preone (pre = what 'that is the first) more' elementary quarks, but many physicists believe they have discovered other elementary matter that undermines the standard model of quantum chromodynamics. Physics and 'less and less able to explain the universe with a simple theory, although the physical build accelerators always more 'powerful for tests of their theories.
In 1930 Cockcroft and Walton built the first nuclear reaction produced artificially by man: accelerating the protons with a voltage of 300,000 volts produced the transformation of the lithium into helium. The result was so 'great who created many accelerators around the world. They are expensive, not only for the mode 'of development but also by the huge amount' of energy they require. In 1929 he was made of the cyclotron in which those particles pass more 'times through a given voltage range, buy at each step more and more' energy, constrained to move on a circular orbit with an appropriate magnetic field. These machines are impressive, with huge size and cost.
The most 'famous European accelerator'
the LEP at CERN, the European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva, which has more 'in diameter and rings' 8 km.
The most 'famous European accelerator'
the LEP at CERN, the European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva, which has more 'in diameter and rings' 8 km.
has 'dug to a depth' a hundred yards of a tunnel ring 27 km in diameter, with a massive and costly civil engineering work. In this ring there are four great halls such as high buildings 8 floors, with huge machines that accelerate particles up into space at nearly the speed 'of light (electrons and positrons, divided into packets). In turn in the ring 11,000 times a second, colliding with each other in the experimental halls. Every second you have thousands of collisions which are assessed by the instruments. 
here since 1976 'according to the synchrotron for protons, or rather a superprotosincrotone underground, the acceleration which corresponds to 400 billion volts, and has a diameter of two kilometers, in which the particles are at a cost of one project 300 billion. In these ducts mileage elementary particles of energy traveling attracted by powerful magnetic electrodes.
emerge from the studies at CERN also secondary products such as PET here since 1976 'according to the synchrotron for protons, or rather a superprotosincrotone underground, the acceleration which corresponds to 400 billion volts, and has a diameter of two kilometers, in which the particles are at a cost of one project 300 billion. In these ducts mileage elementary particles of energy traveling attracted by powerful magnetic electrodes. , positron emission tomography, or the World Wide Web, the WWW, which regulates the immense global system of computer networks, ie '
Internet. Nell '
The big bang and 'the great explosion that originated the world rise to infinite particle some of which have disappeared. To understand what happened, are produced in accelerators of the artificial big bang.
there a mass?
But back to the history of physics. The word material was replaced by the word mass, and talk 'to electric charges. The new explanation was based on a metaphor electrical or electromagnetic, 'cause our and' the century of electricity ', from Marconi on, and each century has used metaphors core on which to place his speeches explanatory. the sixth century (and early Greek philosophy of physics) taken as a reference grammar, 'cause the only scientific instrument was the language. Metaphor of 1600 was the clock (Spinoza and Newton), that was the beginning of the 900 electricity.
Today 'perhaps the best computer or network, we proceed more and more' to an understanding of the world and 'communication.
Each time has produced a mental system with its own reference model, its attributes, its configuration.
We went from a material conception of the world to a reality 'abstract mathematics, in which the old atomic theory based on the concept of indivisible elementary particles was exceeded.
Now you can 'talk about density' apparent, but there is a mass?
If the atoms are close, I have a feeling of density ', I can think of an endless race to a center, where everything thickens swallowing the universe, a kind of black hole density 'you can not eat everything' that exists. Since
'is not very certain that there is a mass, what is' then the matter? It could be a set of electric fields produced by the forces that hold atoms together and attracted subatomic particles, but these movements are pure. In this perspective I would not have the solid look like that but a universe of universes, a set of rotating fields of energy, a set of forces. An infinitely small creature would see me as an immense sky, like a galaxy with planetary systems separated by great gaps and would which are an infinite movement of movements and, if and 'small enough, can pass like a ship passing through the space between a sidereal system to another.
The world becomes more and more 'a set of force fields, a place where they produce the movement, but not necessarily a place where there is' the subject.
I think the universe as a set of movements, leaps and spins, like a dance of signs dancing in a vacuum.
empty, full, endless
Today 'perhaps the best computer or network, we proceed more and more' to an understanding of the world and 'communication.
Each time has produced a mental system with its own reference model, its attributes, its configuration.
We went from a material conception of the world to a reality 'abstract mathematics, in which the old atomic theory based on the concept of indivisible elementary particles was exceeded.
Now you can 'talk about density' apparent, but there is a mass?
If the atoms are close, I have a feeling of density ', I can think of an endless race to a center, where everything thickens swallowing the universe, a kind of black hole density 'you can not eat everything' that exists. Since
'is not very certain that there is a mass, what is' then the matter? It could be a set of electric fields produced by the forces that hold atoms together and attracted subatomic particles, but these movements are pure. In this perspective I would not have the solid look like that but a universe of universes, a set of rotating fields of energy, a set of forces. An infinitely small creature would see me as an immense sky, like a galaxy with planetary systems separated by great gaps and would which are an infinite movement of movements and, if and 'small enough, can pass like a ship passing through the space between a sidereal system to another.
The world becomes more and more 'a set of force fields, a place where they produce the movement, but not necessarily a place where there is' the subject.
I think the universe as a set of movements, leaps and spins, like a dance of signs dancing in a vacuum.
empty, full, endless
On a microscopic scale objects are made of vacuum. The concept of emptiness and 'modern. The ancient Greeks did not conceive conceived it as a zero ol'infinito. They are modern concepts, even if we seem natural. The mathematician was unaware greek zero. The world to Parmenides and 'a limited sphere entirely full. The ancient knowledge of the unlimited as she abhors a vacuum. When the school of Pythagoras discovered the incommensurable (ie 'that can not be measured accurately), it was a scandal, it was kept secret on pain of death, and when I talk about a student', I drowned in a well.
If you take the diagonal of a square and its side, there is no pleasure in that small segment is a precise number of times in both of them and therefore can be measured. This discovery was considered heretical and destabilizing. Pythagoras, to defend their power over mathematics, prevents' to move towards the irrational numbers, that 'the entity' numbers do not qualify. The power also applies in science and especially in science and does not tolerate overruns on its borders, which are also the signs of the territory in which power is exercised.
scientific totalitarianism began with his renunciations, as it was always then.
The Greeks thus had a horror of anything that could not be measured, or unthinkable, the infinitely small or infinitely large, of what 'could not be grasped by the mind, and their presumption to dominate all the right forcing them to believe that the universe was rational, the real and 'rational and rational and 'real (as they say then the German idealists of the nineteenth century), that' the mind must be able to reflect the universe and what is not 'reflect logically should not even exist. This' arbitrariness of the left hemisphere, which becomes instrumental totalitarian. Even today, 'so', scientists dominate the territory enclosing with their dogmas, and those who break the deliveries and 'must be a subversive and persecuted,' cause it breaks the order is' certainty about where power lies. This' arbitrariness of knowledge.
But nature does not care about our claims and there is arbitrary in his manner impossible and elusive the domain of reason.
's speech to accept as true only what 'we are able to manage and' a political speech, but, by that man and 'man,' a discourse that always comes up again, from Pythagoras to Galileo.
Cosi 'as the infinite void was a thought that was frightening to the Greek philosophers,' cause it was accepted that the human mind can 'be confronted with something that can not' rule, and this is' a serious setback for the thinker and its prestige, and 'a declaration of impotence. Before you can discover something, it is necessary that the mind is prepared to accept it, that you have to open the news'. Many fields still unexplored refused the scientist with anger just 'cause his mind is not' willing to consider them, not to undermine his confidence.
There 's a basic prejudice that says I am that' I know, the 'I do not know where you are not, and if I have to deal with anything too different from what' I know or are in crisis and I react with a strong measure of self-preservation, 'cause I'm not able to get in the game, to open myself to a reality' more 'big.
as there is 'a principle of self-preservation material, so' there is a principle of self that rejects the new ideal.
Back to the full and empty. The Greeks believed that the world was a sphere all full. As if it were possible to envisage a full and moving into a whole 'a mystery. Today, the empty and 'a concept that explains the current density' that certain things seem more 'dense than others, such as a stone seems more' dense gas. If a stone seems full, we think it's 'cause its atomic bonds' are stronger. A body can 'even seem impenetrable, but it' s an illusion. In reality 'between a rock and a gas there is' a relative difference in the gas are only the most unifying forces' weaknesses. If I take
mercury, and that 'a metal, can I make liquefaction or gaseous, but it' s always mercury, does not change the substance and the substance is not 'given by mass (a concept also wavering), but the configuration of the charges. (Similarly, my conscience would seem to aggregate me and I could think of him in the head or heart or liver as the ancients did, or I might think of it as a field of forces if 'because that can' separate and go for a walk like a stray electron that is detached from the atom. Like the atom, 'a flicker power, the consciousness can' also be a flicker of awareness that sees and feels even better when it is not 'in the body, buying autonomy and freedom 'unthinkable when the body depends on the interactive forces physical. Nothing forbids me to think that even some of my parts can break off and go wandering off like ions).
If you take the diagonal of a square and its side, there is no pleasure in that small segment is a precise number of times in both of them and therefore can be measured. This discovery was considered heretical and destabilizing. Pythagoras, to defend their power over mathematics, prevents' to move towards the irrational numbers, that 'the entity' numbers do not qualify. The power also applies in science and especially in science and does not tolerate overruns on its borders, which are also the signs of the territory in which power is exercised.
scientific totalitarianism began with his renunciations, as it was always then.
The Greeks thus had a horror of anything that could not be measured, or unthinkable, the infinitely small or infinitely large, of what 'could not be grasped by the mind, and their presumption to dominate all the right forcing them to believe that the universe was rational, the real and 'rational and rational and 'real (as they say then the German idealists of the nineteenth century), that' the mind must be able to reflect the universe and what is not 'reflect logically should not even exist. This' arbitrariness of the left hemisphere, which becomes instrumental totalitarian. Even today, 'so', scientists dominate the territory enclosing with their dogmas, and those who break the deliveries and 'must be a subversive and persecuted,' cause it breaks the order is' certainty about where power lies. This' arbitrariness of knowledge.
But nature does not care about our claims and there is arbitrary in his manner impossible and elusive the domain of reason.
's speech to accept as true only what 'we are able to manage and' a political speech, but, by that man and 'man,' a discourse that always comes up again, from Pythagoras to Galileo.
Cosi 'as the infinite void was a thought that was frightening to the Greek philosophers,' cause it was accepted that the human mind can 'be confronted with something that can not' rule, and this is' a serious setback for the thinker and its prestige, and 'a declaration of impotence. Before you can discover something, it is necessary that the mind is prepared to accept it, that you have to open the news'. Many fields still unexplored refused the scientist with anger just 'cause his mind is not' willing to consider them, not to undermine his confidence.
There 's a basic prejudice that says I am that' I know, the 'I do not know where you are not, and if I have to deal with anything too different from what' I know or are in crisis and I react with a strong measure of self-preservation, 'cause I'm not able to get in the game, to open myself to a reality' more 'big.
as there is 'a principle of self-preservation material, so' there is a principle of self that rejects the new ideal.
Back to the full and empty. The Greeks believed that the world was a sphere all full. As if it were possible to envisage a full and moving into a whole 'a mystery. Today, the empty and 'a concept that explains the current density' that certain things seem more 'dense than others, such as a stone seems more' dense gas. If a stone seems full, we think it's 'cause its atomic bonds' are stronger. A body can 'even seem impenetrable, but it' s an illusion. In reality 'between a rock and a gas there is' a relative difference in the gas are only the most unifying forces' weaknesses. If I take
mercury, and that 'a metal, can I make liquefaction or gaseous, but it' s always mercury, does not change the substance and the substance is not 'given by mass (a concept also wavering), but the configuration of the charges. (Similarly, my conscience would seem to aggregate me and I could think of him in the head or heart or liver as the ancients did, or I might think of it as a field of forces if 'because that can' separate and go for a walk like a stray electron that is detached from the atom. Like the atom, 'a flicker power, the consciousness can' also be a flicker of awareness that sees and feels even better when it is not 'in the body, buying autonomy and freedom 'unthinkable when the body depends on the interactive forces physical. Nothing forbids me to think that even some of my parts can break off and go wandering off like ions).
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