The Cake Boss Recipe For Fondant

Electrons

matter as a movement - 4 fundamental forces - Leap of electrons - The spectrogram - The what and discontinuities' - wave and particle theory - Uncertainty Principle

The matter does not exist

According to the events we have ways of energy we perceive as light, color, temperature, density '... different effects, to which we give the name of things or qualities'. Everything seems to depend on an order of movements that create the appearance of the different structures of the real: the fruit, the wind, the star, the sound, the thought ... corpuscular theories have resistoto 2500 years.
beginning of the century some physicists realize with surprise that in an ever more 'small building block of matter disappears, not' can put it into the open,
there is only a movement that produces
change, but is not something that is in motion, only a few continue today to search frantically minimum mass of the particle.
Thirty years ago in the laboratory in Bologna Zichichi watched the particle traces through a bubble chamber. When a subparticella crossed the bubble chamber could photograph everything from video cameras placed all around was an infinitesimal motion. The proton appeared as a slow, long, crossing the basin, and the electron micro movement was very short like a small spiral on and just off. Movements, traces ... We take the hypothesis that the surprise reality 'may be a set of movements, and yet we turn on the TV and view images with sound and color that come to us 'cause there are waves that have crossed the space, we know that these waves around us and through us even if we do not see, but we can capture through tools. If we have a house under a pylon Enel, will receive radiation production of cancer or leukemia, that 'we will be immersed in a field that disrupts our fields phones altering their program, yet we are not able to perceive these waves malignant. In the future, our televisions will be three-dimensional, that 'will project images with depth', and the remote will do 'rise likely that images will move like mirages in a corner of our living room. Those images do not have substance or matter, have an effect waves, that 'are movements of energy. The laser creates already 'these holographic effects.

The world 'made up of information. The information is

frequencies

Things are effects of waves, ie 'movements. In dowsing any information that gives rise to a visible object or not, and 'radiation, a radiation. Not always in our mind the decoding perceptions, but our nervous system and 'more' sensitive and takes a longer range 'extensive radiation. There are people who are
wave detectors to a greater extent, have a receptivity 'more' high and are able to perceive a Nerve and muscle vibration, not only those of earthquakes, but those issued by underground water veins or emotional vibrations of others. I know a person and 'accommodation at the frequencies of cancer and perceived as smell. I am receptive to the veins of underground water, to highly disturbed minds, places infested ... and perceive them as a diversion of energy to the point of fainting. With dowsing fields emanating from certain objects are received by the nervous system and amplified by a very simple tool, so 'that we see a type of information that is otherwise unknown to ordinary perceptual system.
The whole universe could be a three-dimensional projection absolutely devoid of matter, a virtual dream, as they say the Vedas.

theories: Newton, Coulomb

Since the end of 1700 and the physical theory of the universe 'was influenced by the metaphor of power. Depending on how the elementary particles (electric charge) moving in the electric field, we have different apparent results. And 'the hypothesis of COULOMB. How Columbus discovered America, Coulomb creates the electrical theory of the universe
. His discoveries concerning the electricity 'and the forces acting on electrically charged bodies, which attract or repel depending on their positions, that' about the microcosm, the structure of atoms, while the macrocosm, the planetary structure, Newton's theory remains valid. The two theories seem formally similar but not matching, two simple theories, one for the heavens, the other for the atom, but we can not unify, the forces that govern the movement of the planets are different from those of atomic particles . Scientists are always looking for a grand unified theory of the universe, few laws for a single universe, according to matching rules. The first theories were
deterministic (or any result and the existing 'determined the effect of specific cases) and mechanistic
( everything' due to breakdowns or combinations of materials, elementary particles under the action of forces, as in a car). The world seems to be the result of two factors: particles and forces.

four fundamental forces were assumed four fundamental forces: gravitational force, Coulomb force, nuclear force and weak force. With them you can explain much of the reality ', but remain outside the chaotic events, unpredictable, and almost all the phenomena of intelligent living, as thought, love, etc.. But when we enter the field of overmind (parapsychology, mysticism, ESP, etc..), We find facts that contradict all the more 'normal theories of physics, so that, for a more 'broad real, we need a new physics. In 1600 Newton studying the weight and the attraction of celestial bodies assumed the force of gravity 'and can' measure. At the end of 1800 physics had doubted that the atom was indivisible and compact, proving the existence of subatomic particles, and
RUTHERFORD
had built a possible model of the atom with a small nucleus in the center positive charge, around which the negatively charged electrons, an interesting model but very unstable, 'cause would gradually lose energy until collapse. The Coulomb force and 'a repulsive force to detach the charges, but electrons do not run away from the atom because' I am detained by a force emitted from the nucleus, which is called, precisely, nuclear force, an attractive force is very large.
But there 's also a force that is called weak interaction, which loosens the ties of electrons instead of allowing the formation of peripheral sets more' great and it 's so important because it formed the galaxies. So we have a force on the ground that holds the Moon around the Earth and rotates around it, the Coulomb force, the force that holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus and that scares via the electrons in the periphery. studying the nuclear force, it is assumed that other particles were gradually sorted into a new table similar to that of Mendeleev, and among them is known the existence of "symmetrical order."
At that point in the laboratory of Rutherford a young genius named Niels Bohr had the great insight that produced the fundamental transformation of modern science: a new image of the atom, which start 'a new physics: Quantum Physics
.

The jump on the orbits of electrons

He had assumed the atom as a nucleus surrounded by circular paths (orbits). In the state of the electron rest stationary orbits. Imagine the heart as the center of Milan, around which are various ring roads, on each of these can 'make a fixed number of cars, for example. 2 on first, then 8, then 18 and so on., Increasing gradually you move away from the center. Each orbit has a definite energy level gradually increasing. But, if we stimulate an electron, for example. heat the atom that is 'let's thermal energy, the electron orbit that is charged with energy changes' jumps out. When the atom is cooled, that 'loses energy, it makes a jump into it. When the electron jumps to the center and lost energy,
emits light (electromagnetic radiation)
, when he jumps to the suburbs to buy energy. In the first case there is an electromagnetic emission, absorption in the second.
Bohr and the spectrogram

To explain the difference between technicians and artists, let's see how does the great idea of \u200b\u200bBohr that start 'quantum mechanics. In 1700 Newton had done research on the optics, and the fact that, sending a ray of sunshine against a crystal prism, enters a single beam of white light comes out but a range of colored rays as the rainbow: red, orange, yellow , green, blue, violet. This palette is called sorted by frequency spectrum and contains all the colors that we can see, then there are other colors that our eyes do not perceive the ultraviolet el'infrarosso ... The white light has in 'these colors, the prism separates them and display them by opening them as a distinct variety: it is' the spectrum of visible light. Why '? According to the diffraction of light bends each component in the prism at a different angle and leaves isolated, because it 's made up of a wave at different frequencies. The same phenomenon we see the iris when the sun is shining on a soap bubble or a puddle or through the moist air after a thunderstorm, or the cast of rubber garden hose, creating bands of color floating.

The spectrum of light sun and 'complete, but the spectrum of the various elements and' partial.

If I take the sodium and heating, that 'the add thermal energy, its electrons begin to move and the sodium light emanating glow. If I pass this bulb through a prism, I see only two out of thin yellow lines (within which are more 'than a hundred lines). The spectral analysis of the sodium from my 'two main yellow lines. This and 'the distinctive pattern of sodium.

Similarly we see that each element emits only certain colors, which make up his ghost, his fingerprint. Each element has a specific structure spectrographic that never varies and that characterizes a set of parallel colored stripes, that 'a series of regularly spaced frequencies of energy.

emission spectrum of nitrogen

Emission spectrum of iron

then start from the element most 'simple in nature, hydrogen (a proton, an electron, no neutron), heats and we expect a simple spectrum, instead we have a spectrum with more 'than a hundred lines. And the spectra of other elements are even more 'complicated. So we ask: how can 'a simple element such as hydrogen and that' the first in have a wide spectrum of elements such 'complex?

Each color 'a frequency, and translate it into sound would be like saying that a hydrogen atom has more' than a hundred sounds. The physical Sommerfield, who was also a pianist, said that hydrogen was the most 'difficult of his piano, which had only 88 sounds. But how could this happen? It was a puzzle.

In 1913 the Danish physicist Niels Bohr

saw the solution, which leads him 'to the Nobel.

Bohr hypothesized 'in the atom nucleus in the center and that revolved around each electron in an orbit defined, precise distance from the nucleus, as in the model of Rutherford. Imagine several orbits potential, at each turn a specific number of electrons, for example. there 'orbit by two electrons, one from 8, 18, 32, 50 .... If the atom has more 'electrons than can be in the first round, they jump in the second, and so' on. in the atom of hydrogen there is' only one electron, we have only one orbit, at least at rest, and that 'the most' low energy state. But if we stimulate the atom, for example. heat it, that 'we add energy, the electron jumps to an orbit more' outside. More 'energy we give, the more' jumping on the electron orbits' outside. Just cease to warm, hydrogen cools ie 'gives energy back to the electron orbits interior to the starting position.
Each time the electron jumps in yields that emits light energy, electromagnetic radiation. Every time he jumps out absorbs energy. Bohr discover 'that all the jumps that the electron could do equaled the number of spectral lines of the hydrogen atom. Each jump of the electron was a line spectrum. For each step, the electron from one orbit to another used a fixed dose of energy for each hop would take or release a fixed package of energy, as a.

Spectrum electromagnetic

I can count these packages doing the experiment in negative energy: produce hydrogen gas, I'll go white light in the prism that I send, I get the full spectrum colored least a hundred black lines, corresponding to the packets of energy that 'electron has taken in his jumps. Each line and 'the energy of a photon (unit' of light) is emitted or absorbed when the electron makes a jump. To make the jump the electron charge of a package of light, so 'as Valentino Rossi to take a lap needs a certain number of gasoline.

to study subatomic particles and are 'used

spectroscopy,

shows that the radiation emitted in the form of parallel colored stripes.

Bohr's theory can easily calculate the wavelengths of the spectrum of each element. His idea was that each row corresponded to an electron jump from one orbit to another, which in turn corresponded to a package of energy in more 'or less, to a quantum.

Group of waves associated with particles that are able to overcome a barrier

Starting from the core to get to each orbit with a quantity 'clear and increasing energy.

-spectrographic analysis of Bohr, the light emitted by glowing gases or subjected in electric charge, put the crisis in Newtonian physics and also the model of Rutherford. The quantum mechanics was born

with new insight into the unseen world. The classical Newtonian physics was over.
subject-object

So far the knowledge he had placed a material object. The scientists look to the world as something that is outside, it was a real man out. For many years he studied physics phenomena as if it were a reality 'outside, saw nature as a detached observer, then the quantum physicists have found that this separation was erroneous and that subject and object belong to the same field and influence. the contrary in the East experiences the subject itself ', for thousands of years, carries out research into the man, who experiences breathing, food, purification, meditation, inner well-being, the opening of channels thin, the use of unknown parts of the mind, changes in the electrical rhythm of the brain, shifting the balance of functionality '.... Because 'the fundamental object and' the self, living the same life we \u200b\u200bexperience living in the ego. Bohr had an epiphany. That 's the science. After that 'others began to apply his method to other elements. That 's the technique. Mathematics and 'a very structured way of thinking, and' a highly formalized thought that imposes itself in the world. But the real scientific discovery and 'an act of pure light, an artistic act of total experience. Do not we experience the world looking from the outside, you have high experience disappears when the separation between the self and the world and has a feeling of pure identity ', a "
Intueor
", that is a' view from within ' . Then spoke the right hemisphere, or a hypothetical sovereign.
Intuition and 'an act of total immersion in reality', and 'knowledge of the heart, in the words of Wu Li Masters. The analytical mind and 'still technical mind, but in science as in politics, the real discovery comes when you turn on another mind, the intuitive mind of the new or creative, holistic mind. Bohr's discovery was not only a new model of the atom, however, then passed it open 'a new perspective for research.

Newtonian physics had studied nature as if it were 'out, quantum mechanics discover' that the observer was part of the field, was himself
nature.
The experiences of the extraordinary experiences of new physics are different perceptions of reality in which subject and object interact. It 's a radical change, a change in philosophy, and I dare say that' a perceptual change, existential, inaugurating a permanent change in our relationship with the world. Arises not only a new vision of the atom, created a new perception of the man-world. For this and the new physics' has been called "the dance of the Wu Li Masters". The new physical not merely observe nature but dance with it, for this new physics will end 'look like with the old alchemy, in which the transformation of energy of the thing observed was parallel to the transformation of energy of those who studied.
Meanwhile, as quantum mechanics, with its new philosophy, enters the world of knowledge, continued the relentless search dividers of the particles.
He settled 'that, under the electron there were six key elements such

QUARK

be combined in various ways. The quark
had electric charge equal to one third or two thirds of the electron. The hypothesis of Bohr's atomic model with electrons revolving around the nucleus similar to the second circular orbits of the planets around the sun became more 'complex and indeterminate,' cause these orbits were never found with certainty, and physicists have passed a probabilistic view.

The quantum and discontinuities'

The 'what' was fruitful hypothesis. PLANCK and EINSTEIN studied in particular the amount of light, the photon, the minimum package of light energy, the particles' small can of light, which could better study the electromagnetic fields.
Photons are entered into our lives without us noticing. If I put my hand over a block will lift the closure, 'cause I interrupt a stream of photons. Similarly open with a remote control automatic gate or take off safely to my car 'cause I send a beam of photons that opens the lock mechanism like a key. Empedocles and Democritus had quantized matter, now quantized energy. The world was thought of as the sum small tot of energy that could be added one at a time, so 'as to have a change to jump, discontinuous steps or in packages. Eg. slows to a top small steps, not leaps and continuously carry out the changes in sound or color.
Many things could be quantized, that 'a small amount of units' base, such as electric charge or the vibration of a guitar string or light.


corpuscular and wave theory of light

Light became the symbol of the new reality 'conceived as energy.
If we take the total color range, from infrared to ultraviolet, we see that it is not ' an infinitely variable, ie 'continuous gradients, (a mosaic recognizes 5000), and the nature going to jump, as in the musical frequencies. Light and 'electromagnetic radiation, a series of rapid oscillations of the electromagnetic field. More 'electrons vibrate, more' produce light radiation at high frequency in the spectrum of visible light. Eg. red and 'a long, slow swing, the ultraviolet and' fast and quick with high peaks.
But when I start 'to study the light came out of the big surprises. It was discovered 'a disturbing fact. There were two ways to study: some light consisted of particles (theory corpuscular Newtonian, Newton thought that a ray of light was a beam of particles, and a luminous body threw out of his' particle of matter), but according to others the light was a wave (wave theory), or a movement. There were two perspectives both valid, that gave good results, each consistent. But it was as if to draw the map of a valley, two cartographers from the mountains looked different, and their designs were incompatible.
Every theory helps to explain certain phenomena of reality but not others. Even today there are experiments in which light seems to matter and others that seem to wave, an electron at times like a particle, sometimes a wave, and the light ' wave but the photons behave like particles. If you pass a beam of light (photons) through two holes in a wall and see what you come behind the wall, you have two spots of light, but the lines of light and dark, like arriving waves, 'cause at some points the intensity' doubles 'cause the waves are in phase, in other escapes' cause I'm not. The science is' in big trouble. He was contradicting herself.

What was the reality '? A set of particles or waves? At first, this contradiction was born to radiation, then it was discovered 'that could be valid "for all", not short
Was it that 'assume that matter was composed of corpuscles, it could be a' pure

movement '. In the core model of Schroedinger seemed surrounded by waves, and this mess up 2500 years of belief that reality 'and it was material to compose pieces.

Uncertainty Principle-There is no accurate measurement

The other was the old physical jolt came when, in an attempt to measure the two subatomic particles in their fundamentals, speed 'and so far, we realized that it was not possible have both. The photon, the electron illuminating, moving, and lost his position and moving it ranged his speed '. Between '20 and 29 quantum physics realized he could not make a measurement with precision, this was terrible because 'made all indeterminate and Einstein could not' bear, hence his famous words: "God does not play dice. " If the electron was a particle, it would be possible to locate in a certain moment in a check point of the orbit and its velocity '. But Heisenberg

saw that it was impossible to catch a particle in a particular place at a given time. It was then that he was born the modern physics has become 'any old theory based on particles, for the simple that there was no way of measuring them. It was then that
Heisenberg formula 'the famous uncertainty principle, the basis of quantum theory, which said it was impossible to observe subatomic particles, it was impossible to localize an electron, ie' at the same time determine at a given moment Dov ' was and how fast 'had,' cause as soon as you tried to do it, was no longer 'traceable. You could find the location, you could find the speed 'but not both. But if the electron was a wave it would make sense, 'cause the waves, which are infinitely extended, do not occupy a precise place of space, but more 'oscillate within an area as possible.
Assuming the electron as a particle, it was necessary to focus, ie 'enlighten, to see where it was, but even with the lamp or light source more' small world, that 'the photon, the electron is moving, changing all data. The nature and seemed to mock eluded scientists. At most one could say that "there was a degree of probability 'that the electron was in a certain moment in a certain area near the nucleus (Planck hypothesis). It could only make probabilistic calculations to identify the area where it was' likely to find it. In the case of hydrogen its electron, which is designed like a wave, that 'a very rapid wave motion, could appear more' frequently in a wide circle around the center. Shoot the concept of orbit, and introduced the densification probabilistic: the orbital.
They define certain orbital and saw that form figures or specific areas, energy vortices similar to petals around the center, the atom was like a flower with a very precise number of petals. From the formal point of view orbitals were similar to the chakras, or energy vortices, insights from the Indian philosophy six thousand years ago. (See diagram)
observation changes the observed

say that perhaps the electron was not a particle but a wave crisis began in the old physics and open 'a new physics, much less precise in its determinations, where the accuracy of the mathematical law of probability was replaced indeterminacy '. But the scientists now see themselves in new ways. He guessed that the object could not be more 'observed in a neutral way' cause he was influenced by the observation that the modified and interacted with him. He could not see an abstract field 'cause he was in the field. The object was far from inert and reacted to him. The observation changed all the forces into play as if, instead of looking out from a pool of water, the scientist came to us in disturbing the water, watch it meant to interact, just trying to understand the physical nature of this dance would begin to dance with him. No one could stay out of the world to watch 'cause it was inside and watch the world was already' edit. The carpet was moving all together. He was a destabilizing assumed that already 'the alchemists had discovered in 1500. It fell another myth, that of separation between subject and object, between self and outside, between the mind and nature in me out of me. (When I do I care for my clivia, I realize that it does not just take it from me water and fertilizer but reacts the state of my health and my mood. It also reacts to my reaction to her so if I'm going to cut the leaves in a criminal manner, reacts with horror to my thoughts. If I burn with the lighter the leaf of a plant at home and put the electrodes, verifying that the plant shows distress when he sees me enter the room.
When a Silicon Valley scientist studying the crystal by putting the electrodes like a brain realizes that the crystal changes as he changes his mind.
When a cure is totally convinced that heal 'expectations of healing can give me some improvements beyond therapy. When the scientist running a test of a theory, most Results depend on what he expects. It 'was the influence of this expectation that made it so' by contrasting the results of Di Bella).
if we think that our desires and thoughts are energy waves that affect the data materials, energy, too, everything would be more 'understandable. But when quantum physics was born, it was still too steeped in the materialistic view, and these findings it appears paradoxical. In a world of energy there 'distinction between subject and object, but in a world that is seen to face the subject and' is clearly separated from the desire or intent, subject and object are distinct.


Interaction

But, if it falls the distinction between subject and object, everything becomes infinitely more 'complex (or more' simple?) And disturbing effects on the paradigms of research. He produced a whole new concept: the interaction, what the Master of Tai Chi called 'dance'. The interaction creates a new perception of science and man and the whole. It 's a way of perceiving life as a living relationship. I'm concerned, and to know that 'just right hemisphere of the brain, the forgotten part. This revolutionary concept of the subject-object was productive in a lot of subjects that did not belong to physics, POPPER extended it to the world of communications and the media ... more to metaphysics, psychology, parapsychology, anthropology, sociology, information technology ... If these assumptions will seem abstract and strange, confined to a world of pure mathematical living outside the world or speculative philosophers, remember that arise from these studies of the atomic bomb, nuclear plants, radiation therapy, laser, the latest computers and so on.
It was concluded that all matter could occur or property 'or property corpuscular' wave, but never both, it all depended on how you studied, but the reality 'Last Light, which became the symbol of the universe rest 'more' enigmatic than ever.
Further discoveries about atoms occurred with particle accelerators, the first in 1930 called
cyclotron.

(particle accelerators used in medicine).

Today we are able to accelerate particles to very high energies, in particular magnetic fields, but since 'huge costs needed to build and maintain, for some years, governments have contributed to this research very expensive, but today the funding are drying up.

The concepts of force, wave, field and interaction have dramatically changed the conception of the world. More and more 'as it disappears matters and appears as a set vibrational

.

We ourselves are a set with one of our vibratory field variable subjected to the interaction of other fields, some perceptible and close, others distant. The farthest star that we will never see and that has turned into a collapsed supernova creates a variation of the gravitational wave that expands the universe coming down to us in infinitesimal form. outer space arrive on Earth continuously cosmic rays, radiation, consisting of highly energetic particles, some of which are much higher than those experienced in accelerators. They collide with nuclei known and cause the formation of new particles (hyperons, mesons, leptons, neutrinos, bosons, gluons, gravitons, etc.)..
Gradually over time, science has put the hypotheses and then it passed. For Einstein, the speed 'was the maximum speed of light' as possible, but this threshold 'has been debunked. Things are always more 'simple and more' complex than the mind has found so far. As John Mouir
"

The most 'light to penetrate the universe

passing through the maze of a forest"

..